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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(4): 1225-1243, Oct.-Dec. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142995

ABSTRACT

Resumen En este trabajo se analizan los distintos sentidos que produjo, transmitió y puso en circulación la revista Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) respecto de las sexualidades, los cuerpos, los deseos y las otredades desde y a partir del campo de la cultura física. Editada en Buenos Aires, pero con una circulación a escala internacional, examinaremos aquellos tópicos desde una perspectiva de género y a través del análisis crítico del discurso para dar cuenta de los matices, continuidades e inflexiones discursivas respecto del discurso dominante. En este sentido, señalaremos las polémicas que suscitó la publicación y los ataques recibidos por parte de sectores conservadores que llevaron a la prohibición de la revista.


Abstract This study analyzes the different meanings produced, transmitted and circulated by the journal Cultura Sexual y Física (1937-1941) about sexualities, bodies, desires and forms of otherness from the standpoint of and based on physical culture. In the journal, which was published in Buenos Aires but had an international readership, we examine these issues from a gender perspective via critical discursive analysis in order to demonstrate the nuances, continuities and departure points with regard to the dominant discourse. Hence, we show the polemics triggered by this publication and the attacks on it by conservative sectors, which led to it being banned.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Periodicals as Topic/history , Sexuality/history , Femininity/history , Physical Conditioning, Human/history , Sexual Behavior/history
2.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(8): e00036215, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952301

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Com base na teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, este artigo analisa a emergência e a institucionalização da sexologia enquanto ciência e profissão em Portugal, identificando instituições, atores e práticas profissionais, e discutindo as suas relações e especificidades. Começa por contextualizar o surgimento da sexologia moderna ocidental para uma compreensão do caso português no contexto sexológico internacional. Numa segunda parte, descreve os fatores de natureza social, cultural e institucional que têm impulsionado a profissionalização da sexologia. Na terceira, descreve a emergência da sexologia portuguesa e os seus principais marcos históricos, instituições e atores em jogo. Por fim, discute algumas implicações desse processo para o papel da sexologia como ciência e profissão. Esta pesquisa revela as dinâmicas entre processos nacionais e internacionais no campo, na transição de uma perspectiva holística da sexologia para a hegemonia da medicina sexual, e clarifica os seus mecanismos de legitimação como ciência transdisciplinar da sexualidade, sugerindo perspectivas futuras.


Abstract: Based on Bourdieu's field theory, this article analyzes the emergence and institutionalization of sexology as a science and profession in Portugal, identifying relevant institutions, actors, and professional practices and discussing its relations and specificities. The analysis begins by contextualizing the emergence of modern Western sexology in order to comprehend the Portuguese case in the international sexology context. The second section describes the social, cultural, and institutional factors that have driven the professionalization of sexology. The third section describes the emergence of Portuguese sexology and its principal historical milestones, institutions, and actors. Finally, the article discusses some implications of this process for the role of sexology as a science and profession. The study reveals the dynamics of national and international processes in the field, in the transition from a holistic perspective of sexology to the hegemony of sexual medicine, and sheds light on its mechanisms of legitimation as a transdisciplinary science of sexuality, suggesting future perspectives.


Resumen: En base a la teoría de los campos de Bourdieu, este artículo analiza la emergencia y la institucionalización de la sexología como ciencia y profesión en Portugal, identificando instituciones, actores y prácticas profesionales, y discutiendo sus relaciones y especificidades. Comienza por contextualizar el surgimiento de la sexología moderna occidental para una comprensión del caso portugués en el contexto sexológico internacional. En una segunda parte, se describen los factores de naturaleza social, cultural e institucional que han impulsado la profesionalización de la sexología. En la tercera parte, se describe la emergencia de la sexología portuguesa y sus principales marcos históricos, instituciones, y actores en juego. Finalmente, discute algunas implicaciones de este proceso para el papel de la sexología como ciencia y profesión. Esta investigación revela las dinámicas entre procesos nacionales e internacionales en el campo, en la transición de una perspectiva holística de la sexología para la hegemonía de la medicina sexual, y clarifica sus mecanismos de legitimización como ciencia transdisciplinaria de la sexualidad, sugiriendo perspectivas futuras.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Sexology/organization & administration , Portugal , Sexual Behavior/history , United States , Brazil , Family Planning Policy , Sexology/classification , Sexology/history , Sexology/trends , Europe , Medicalization , Health Occupations/trends
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162127

ABSTRACT

Th is article details the principles and practices of the scientifi c discipline Sexology. Th e purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an in-depth understanding of Sexology as an academia as well as its professional applications. Sexology is defi ned as the multidisciplinary scientifi c study of human sexuality, but few individuals know exactly what a Sexologist does. Often the assumption is solely sex therapy as treatment for sexual dysfunctions, however, the fi eld of Sexology is far more expansive with multitudinous diverse specializations. Sexology covers a broad spectrum of theory and practice and Sexologists integrate many methods, concepts and interventions into their work. Th rough education, research and therapy, human sexual diffi culties maybe successfully resolved through the commitment and dedication of Sexologists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sexology/classification , Sexology/education , Sexology/history , Sexology/trends , Sexual Behavior/classification , Sexual Behavior/education , Sexual Behavior/history , Sexual Behavior/therapy , Sexuality/classification , Sexuality/history , Sexuality/therapy
4.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 22(4): 1419-1437, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662582

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre os sentidos atribuídos por homens, de dois intervalos geracionais diferentes, à sexualidade masculina e ao cuidar de si. Buscou-se identificar se houve mudança no posicionamento desses homens em relação aos cuidados em saúde e se esta mudança é influenciada por aspectos geracionais. O estudo ancora-se nos marcos conceituais teóricos: geração e roteiro sexual. O desenho metodológico é de análise de narrativas. As fontes analisadas são parte do acervo de duas pesquisas realizadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro com homens com ensino superior e universitários, que tiveram iniciação sexual nos anos 1970 e 1990, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram que os homens estudados se acham confrontados com a inadequação da construção social do masculino e as novas demandas femininas, buscando um novo modelo. Observaram-se permanências e rupturas de padrões hegemônicos da masculinidade, o que está relacionado com a forma como o homem cuida de si.


This paper aims to examine the relationship between the meanings of male sexuality and how male individuals from two different generations take care of their health. We sought to identify whether there were changes regarding the standing of these men in relation to health care, and whether these changes were influenced by generation gaps. The study is anchored in two theoretical conceptual frameworks: generation and sexual script. We used the narrative analysis methodology, and the sources of this study are part of two surveys conducted in Rio de Janeiro with men of higher education as well as university students, whose sexual initiation occurred during the 1970's and 1990's, respectively. The results show that the subjects are currently facing an inadequate male's social model in conjunction with the new social demands from the females, therefore seeking a new model for themselves. During this study, both permanent and changing patterns of hegemonic masculinity were noted to be related to how men take care of their own health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Self Care , Sexuality , Intergeneration Interval , Masculinity , Sexual Health , Men , Sexual Behavior/history , Heterosexuality , Personal Narrative , Social Construction of Gender
5.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 182f p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-617821

ABSTRACT

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a construção do dispositivo da transexualidade nas práticas de saúde. Tomando como referência a definição e discussão de “dispositivo” no pensamento de Michel Foucault, a preocupação central reside em compreender como a transexualidade, ao longo do século XX, transformou-se em uma patologia a partir de um conjunto de saberes e práticas de poder que constituíram a elaboração do diagnóstico de “transtorno de identidade de gênero”, assim como a concepção normativa da “noção de transexual verdadeiro”. Ao mesmo tempo destaca-se que no âmbito do próprio dispositivo, negociações e, principalmente, subversões da norma apresentam-se como possibilidades de resistências. A partir de uma pesquisa empírica que consistiu na realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas tanto com transexuais quanto com os profissionais de saúde foi possível observar que o conceito de transexualidade está permanentemente em negociação e abarca uma diversidade de experiências de relação com o diagnostico e de construções de si. Neste sentido, num primeiro momento discute-se a produção do dispositivo da sexualidade entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, em seguida abre-se uma discussão sobre a invenção da transexualidade enquanto patologia a partir do século XX, principalmente após os anos de 1950. Posteriormente, discute-se a questão dos saberes localizados, recuperando a importância dos saberes trans no âmbito do próprio dispositivo e finalmente, tendo como referência os conceitos de gênero e de identidade propostos por Judith Butler, analisa-se os jogos identitários presentes na transexualidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Sexual Behavior/history , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Gender Identity , Sexuality/history , Social Control, Informal
6.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 38(1): 56-61, jan.-mar. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519099

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar o comportamento sexual, gravidez e fatores de risco para DST/HIV em estudantes de Ascurra (SC). Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu adolescentes após anuência do termo de consentimento. O questionárioauto-aplicável em sala de aula, elaborado pelos autores, abordava questões sobre comportamento sexual,uso de drogas, gravidez atual ou pregressa e sintomas na esfera genital. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS 15.0, aplicando teste de qui-quadrado para associação entre variáveis categóricas. O nível de significânciaestatística foi de 95%. Resultados: Dos 259 alunos, 36,7% eram meninose 63,3% meninas. A idade variou entre 12 e 19 anos, média de 14,72±1,45. A média de idade da primeira relaçãofoi 14,2±1,7 anos, variando entre 8 e 16 anos. A prática sexual vaginal foi predominante, sendo que 21,2%alunos relataram já ter tido relações sexuais. O uso consistente de preservativo foi relatado por 77%, a maioria teve apenas 1 parceiro, sendo que 61,8% utilizavam método contraceptivo. Nenhum citou ocorrência de gravidez ou aborto. Entre os com vida sexualmente ativa 21,8% utilizaram pílula de emergência, 12,7% referirammanifestações genitais e 5,4% fizeram teste anti-HIV. Entre os pesquisados 8,9% afirmaram utilizar algum tipode droga. Conclusões: Os estudantes apresentaram fatores de risco para DST/HIV e gravidez indesejada, já que ouso de preservativo não é consistente em todas as relações sexuais. O uso de pílula de emergência e manifestaçõesgenitais apontam para a desinformação sobre sexo seguro e não utilização correta de preservativo.


Objective: To verify sexual behavior, unwanted pregnancy and risk factors for STD/HIV among students in Ascurra, Santa Catarina. Methods: A cross-sectional study interviewed adolescentswho were asked for consent. The self-administered questionnaire in the classroom, prepared by the authors, addressed questions about sexual behavior, drug use, current or previous pregnancy, and symptoms in the genital area. SPSS 15.0 was engaged in data analysis, using chi-square tests for association between categoricalvariables. Statistical significance level was set at 95%. Results: Out of 259 students, 36.7% were boys and63.3% girls. Age range was 12-19 years, with a mean of 14.73 ± 1.450. The mean age at their first sexual intercourse was 14.2 ± 1.7 years, ranging between 8-16 years. Vaginal intercourse was predominant as reportedby 21.2% of students who had had sexual activity. Consistent use of condoms was reported by 77%, most had only one partner, and 61.8% used contraceptive methods consistently. There was no report of unwanted pregnancy or abortion. Among those who had an active sex life, 21.8% reported the use of emergency contraceptive pills, 12.7% reported genital manifestations, and 5.4%were submitted to anti-HIV tests. The use of drugs was reported by 8.9% of the interviewees. Conclusions: Students face risk factors for DTS/HIV and undesired pregnancy, since the use of condoms is not consistent. The use of emergency contraceptive pills and genital manifestations indicate misinformation about safe sex and correct use of condoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Chi-Square Distribution , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/history , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/pathology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmission
7.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 19(3): 617-636, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535652

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo apresentamos e discutimos os resultados parciais da investigação sobre a constituição do campo da sexologia contemporânea no Brasil, parte da pesquisa comparativa "Sexualidade, ciência e profissão na América Latina". Uma segunda onda sexológica surgiu no Brasil em finais dos anos 1970 no Rio de Janeiro, com um viés essencialmente clínico, e em São Paulo, com um viés educacional. A década seguinte marcou um período de institucionalização no qual são criadas as duas associações que hoje polarizam o campo em torno de uma sexologia mais eclética e multiprofissional e da chamada "medicina sexual", em geral dominada pelos urologistas. Discutimos os significados dessa polarização em termos das disputas profissionais subjacentes e das concepções de gênero implicadas em tais disputas.


In this paper we present and discuss the preliminary results of an investigation on the constitution of the contemporary field of sexology in Brazil, which is part of the comparative research "Sexuality, science and profession in Latin America". A second sexology arose in Brazil in the late 70's in Rio de Janeiro, with an essentially clinical approach, and in São Paulo, with an educational approach. The following decade brought a period of institutionalization in which the two associations that nowadays dominate the sexological field were created. They represent the two main trends in modern sexology; a more eclectic and multiprofessional approach and the so-called "sexual medicine", dominated by urologists. We discuss the meanings of this polarization in terms of its underlying professional disputes and the gender assumptions implied in such disputes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sexual Behavior/history , Sexology/trends , Sexuality/history , Social Control, Informal/history , Gender Identity
8.
Rio de Janeiro; Ediouro; 2005. 526 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-573533
9.
Zamora; El Colegio de Michoacán; 2005. 356 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-527063

ABSTRACT

Este libro es una contribución a las recientes discusiones de la antropología y la historia en torno de los cuerpos. Se reconstruyen episódios de la historia cultural y política de México y se transita por una multiplicidad de existencias corporales. Desde distintas perspectivas los estudios reunidos se plantean múltiples interrogantes: Como los cuerpos se reconstruyen? Cómo se resumen al tiempo que se cosntestan las reglas de género, las políticas sexuales y las normas estéticas? Cómo se organizan las diferencias étnicas y sexuales? La lectura de esta obra nos pone tanto a los cuerpos como ante el umbral de las práticas y los discursos, de la palavra y el acto, entre la naturaleza y la cultura y, desde ahi, en se ese umbral, los cuerpos se vuelven material para indagar el entramado social y político de la historia de varones y mujeres en el México moderno.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , Anthropology , Sexual Behavior/history , Gender Identity , History , Sexuality/history , Mexico
10.
Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ; 2004 Jan-Jun; 34(1): 41-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1925

ABSTRACT

A close study of ancient works of ayurveda and Kamasutra shows that the knowledge of anatomy and physiology of different parts of reproductive organs particularly of female genitals is lacking. Hymen, defloration and clitoris do not find any mention in earlier works. Works of medieval and late medieval period mention the different parts and their utility and function especially in the sexual enjoyment. Worship of vagina or Yonipuja was a common practice in some sects of Tantrists like Kaulas, Kapalikas and others. This practice resulted in the close observation of different parts and thereby knowing their importance and role in the sexual enjoyment, which was also a part of the practices of Tantrism. This knowledge appears to have been incorporated in works like Bhavaprakasa of ayurveda and Paururavamanasijasutra and others of Kamasutra. They describe three Nadis in the female genitalia and clitoris others.


Subject(s)
Coitus/physiology , Erotica/history , Female , Hinduism/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , India , Male , Sexual Behavior/history
11.
Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ; 2003 Jul-Dec; 33(2): 129-48
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1809

ABSTRACT

We augment A. Singh's "Regulation of Human Sexual Behavior, Sex Revolution and Emergence of AIDS: A Historical Perspective," Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist. Med. (1997), by clarifying why medicine is ignored despite unprecedented pathogenic norms of Western society. While these societal norms are well correlated to etiological findings on divorce and extramarital sex, the norms cannot be rooted properly in our psychobiological nature without committing a 'naturalistic fallacy'. Accepted axiomatically in the West, the fallacy specifies that what ought to be the case is not inferable from what is the case about our nature. Thus although natural norms implicit in medicine were implied historically by a natural theology shared by major religions, the latter are wrongly deemed unscientific and irrelevant by secular politics. Lying furtively behind political policies that induce psychosocial disorders and preventable disease, the fallacy's exclusion is as relevant as medicine to averting disease.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Logic , Philosophy, Medical , Religion and Science , Sexual Behavior/history , Social Problems/history , United States
12.
In. Del Priore, Mary; Bassanezi, Carla; Bassanezi, Carla. História das mulheres no Brasil. São Paulo, Contexto, 2001. p.115-140.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-425034

ABSTRACT

Ocupa-se do mundo das mulheres que, movidas por múltiplos desejos, e não poucas razões, experimentaram relações homoeróticas, universo pouco conhecido, que alguns historiadores ousaram pesquisar. Não muito haveria a dizer sobre essas mulheres e suas experiências no Brasil colonial, se não existissem os papéis do Tribunal do Santo Ofício, que desde meados do século XVI passou a incluir no seu foro o que chamava de "abominável e nefando pecado da sodomia". Falar dos amores femininos é, pois, falar também da própria Inquisição. É através dela que se pode rastrear a Lesbos brasílica.


Subject(s)
Sexual Behavior/history , Homosexuality, Female/history , Women/history , Brazil , Social Control, Formal
13.
14.
In. Ríos, Julio César; Ruiz, Ricardo; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Weissmann, P. Psiquiatría, psicología y psicoanálisis: historia y memoria. Buenos Aires, POLEMOS, 2000. p.178-194.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-527082

ABSTRACT

Esta ponencia tiene como objetivo comunicar algunos aspectos de la investigación realizada en el Programa de Estudios Históricos de la Psicología Argentina [Fac. de Psicología, UBA], durante el período 1996-1998: la problemática de la sexualidad tratada en el discurso médico-psicológico argentino entre 1900 y 1940. El objetivo central apunta a estudiar la construcción de los discursos sobre la psicopatología, la psicología y la higiene sexual tal como se exponen en las publicaciones médicas nacionales a lo largo de cuarenta años con la hipótesis de que, en este período, se produce un pasaje de una perspectiva psicopatológica a un abordaje psicológico de la problemática sexual en un contexto de ideas científicas, filosóficas y morales que refieren a la llamada 'cuestión sexual'. A tal fin se plantearon tres líneas investigativas de estos discursos. 1- La sexualidad y la 'patología de los instintos' 2- La sexualidad y las disfunciones 3- La sexualidad y la endocrinología.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History of Medicine , Psychology/history , Psychopathology/history , Mental Health/history , Public Health/history , Argentina , Sexual Behavior/history
15.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2000. [122] p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-422113

ABSTRACT

Tem por objeto a imagem da sexualidade excessiva do brasileiro, como um dos elementos de caracterização da identidade nacional. Toma as obras "Casa-Grande e Senzala" e "Sobrados e Mocambos" de Gilberto Freyre como centrais para a difusão dessa crença.


Subject(s)
Sexual Behavior/history , Medicine in Literature , Sexuality , Brazil
16.
Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ; 1999 Jul; 29(2): 155-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1896

ABSTRACT

There are several important characteristic properties of reproductive fluid. Gametes are the reproductive cells consisting of sperms in males and ovum in females. These cells combine to form Zygote in the process of fertilization. The characters of Gametes have been narrated by Holy Quran in a very well-suited and selected terminology. This paper enumerates various Quranic terms related to gametes, and then discusses their scientific significance.


Subject(s)
Arab World/history , Fertilization , Germ Cells , History, 20th Century , History, Medieval , History, Modern 1601- , Islam/history , Religion and Medicine , Sexual Behavior/history , Terminology as Topic
17.
Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ; 1999 Jan; 29(1): 51-62
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1986

ABSTRACT

Sexual perversions are often a product of civilized life. Most societies permit some degree of deviant sexual behaviour as a relief from stress of routine life. Criteria for labelling such behaviour have changed over a period of time. There have been instances of normalizing deviant sexual behaviour by formation of pressure groups by the deviants e.g. homosexual clubs, particularly in Western countries. Attitude of church on masturbation & homosexuality has fluctuated from forbidding these activities to accepting these as harmless acts. Extra marital sex, premarital sex, homosexuality, fellatio, masturbation have been reported from almost all societies. Swinging and mate-swapping is more prevalent in the West. Social factors associated with deviant sexual behaviour are discussed. Incest lobbies have come up in U. S. Prostitution has also been there in all societies since antiquity. Earlier, prostitutes enjoyed a relatively higher social status. Their degradation started with the dawn of Christianity. In 1960s there was sexual revolution in U. S. with emphasis on free sex. There is evidence of slowing down of sexual revolution with the advent of AIDS. Safe-sex and fidelity are now being emphasized.


Subject(s)
History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , History, Early Modern 1451-1600 , History, Medieval , History, Modern 1601- , Paraphilic Disorders/history , Sexual Behavior/history
18.
Afr. j. health sci ; 6(1): 33-39, 1999.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1257137

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to create sexual history profiles of women with illegally induced abortion (IA) and women with spontaneous abortion (SA) and describe the women's knowledge of; attitude to; and practice of contraception. The study was carried out in two settings; Temeke District Hospital (TDH) and Muhimbili Medical Centre (MMC) in Dar es Salaam. At TDH 362/603 (60 per cent) were identified as IA and 241/603 (40 per cent) as SA. At MMC the figures were 68/220 (31 per cent) IA and 152/220 (69 per cent) SA. Both groups were well informed about modern contraception. As a contrast the rate of ever users of contraception was low in both groups; although significantly lower among IA women than among SA women. Outcome of first pregnancy had been an induced abortion in significantly higher proportion of IA than of SA women. In conclusion; sexual intercourse before marriage is common in the setting studied and contraceptive use in comparatively uncommon


Subject(s)
Abortion , Attitude , Contraception , Sexual Behavior/history , Women
19.
Rev. bioméd. (México) ; 9(2): 116-121, abr.-jun. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248117

ABSTRACT

La sexualidad varía de una cultura a otra y en el contexto socio-histórico en que se desarrolle. Durante la prehistoria existieron dos etapas: la monogamia natural y la monogamia que tenía como finalidad asegurar el patrimonio familiar. En el antiguo testamento existian normas que regulaban la conducta sexual. En el judaismo, el matrimonio tenía como finalidad de la descendencia y la esposa tenía el "privilegio" de compartir los favores del esposo con esposas secundarias y si ella era infiel era apedreada. En la cultura egipcia el incesto estaba permitido y la circunscición era un ritual en la adolescencia. En Grecia, se toleraba la homosexualidad masculina entre adultos y adolescentes. En Atenas las mujeres no podían andar solas, privilegio solo de las hetairas (prostituta fina). En la edad media la iglesia refrenda el matrimonio monógamo y declara al instinto sexual como demoníaco. En 1530 la Reforma protestante de Martín Lutero admite el divorcio solicitado por Enrique VIII para separarse de Catalina y casarse con Ana Bolena. A finales del siglo XV aparecen en Europa las enfermedade de transmisión sexual que fueron consideradas como castigo celestial. Durante los siglos XVIII y XIX o época victoriana, la mastubarción era considerada inpropia. En 1882 apareció el trabajo de Richard Kraft-Ebing "Psychopatia Sexualidis, donde se describe sexualidad patológica. Sigmund Freud demostró la trascendencia de la sexualidad en los individuos. Introdujo el término de "líbido" como la energía de que emanan las actividades del hombre. En la misma época el médico inglés Havellock Ellis publicó su obra Psychology of Sex. El describe que el deseo es igual para hombre y mujeres y refuta que la masturbación ocasionara insannia. Margaret Sanger inició el movimiento de control de la natalidad en Estados Unidos y entre 1922 y 1927 publicó artículos sobre la sexualidad e la mujer. Geramine Greer feminista publicó su obra "El eunuco femenino", que es considerada baluarte del movimiento feminista. Alfred Kinsey inició estudio sistemático de la sexualidad en 1966 Masters y Johnson publican "Respuesta Sexual Humana" anotando que tanto hombres como mujeres tienen la misma capacidad de respuesta sexual. El análisis histórico demuestra que el comportamiento sexual no es simplista, ya que éste dependerá del contexto sociohistórico y cultural en que se desarrolla


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History of Medicine , Sexual Behavior/history
20.
Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad ; 1997 Jan; 27(1): 63-74
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-2021

ABSTRACT

No Society in the World permits fully free sexual behaviour. All societies utilize a variety of ways for regulation of sexual behaviour. This has been happening since antiquity. Culture also affects sexual behaviour. In western civilization there was a healthly outlook towards sexuality during Greco-Roman era. In Indian civilization also human sexuality was considered an inseparable part of life and was given a higher place in human life. Many treatises on human sexuality were written. Sex was considered as an art and was given an exalted status through the medium of sculpture work in temples of Konark & Khajuraho. But in Christian civilization sexual acts and related areas were considered immoral, debasing, dirty and abhoring. Sex-related ideas/thoughts were considered immoral in Churches and were given low status in society. Rapidly occurring social changes in 20th century- World wars I & II, urbanization, modernization, industrialization, women emancipation and strong reaction to unprecedented suppression of 19th century suppression of sexuality led to advent of sexual revolution in America & other western countries. Liberal-sex spread throughout the society. Sexual promiscuity, prostitution, homosexuality, group-sex were socially accepted on a wide scale. Presumably as a result of these tendencies a disease like AIDS has now spread from America to the whole world. Present article is an effort of analysis of historical perspective of this problem.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/history , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Early Modern 1451-1600 , History, Medieval , History, Modern 1601- , Public Opinion , Sexual Behavior/history
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